       

        

THE ORION MYSTERY
UNLOCKING THE SECRETS OF THE PYRAMIDS 
Robert Bauval and Adrian Gilbert

   .  1996


   

Robert Bauval & Adrian Gilbert. 
The Orion Mystery.

c Robert Bauval & Adrian Gilbert,

1994.

c .  ., 1996.

c    -  1996



ISBN 5-7141-0303-3





 

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(. ).

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,  ,   ,  , 
      (. Peter Tompkins, 
"Secrets of the Great Pyramid").   - 
     "The Mountains of Phar- 
aoh", Leonard Cottrell (. ).

5. , "",  II.   ,   
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,    2000- ,  
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,   , ,    - 
,  ,   , - 
       - 
. ""    - 
    "The Pyramids of Egypt", 
I.E.S.Edwards (. ).

6.       - 
      , - 
 " " (7  1993), "" (16 
 1993), "" (17  1993), "- 
" (17  1993), " -" (23  
1993), " " (17  1993), " " (17 - 
 1993), " " (17  1993), " " (17 
 1993), "" (17  1994), "" (14

 1993), "" (8  1993), "", "" (16 
 1993), "  " (18  1993), "-
 " (17  1993), " " (17 
 1993), " " (17  1993), 
" ", " ", " " (17  1993),  
     . --  - 
     16  1993 ,  
   - -     .

7. .: Bauval R.G., "Master Plan for the Three Pyramids 
of Giza based on the Configuration of the the Three Stars of 
the Belt of Orion"  "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 1989.

Bauval R.G "Investigations on the Origins of the Benben 
Stone: Was It an Iron Meteorite?"  "Discussions in Egyptol- 
ogy", 14, 1989.

Bauval R.G "The Seeding of the Star Gods: A Fertility 
Ritual inside Cheops's Pyramid?"  "Discussions in Egyptol- 
ogy", 16, 1990.

8. "", , 16  1993; " 
", 17  1993.

9. " ", , 17  1993; "", - 
, 17  1993.

1.   

1. Robert K.G.Temple, "The Sirius Mystery" (. - 
).

2.   -,   -, - 
  350   .

3.  -  1,5  , - - 
   8,6  .   
   .

4. M.Griaule, G.Dieterlen, "Un System Soudanais de Siri- 
us", "Journal de la Societe des Africanistes" XX, I, 1950.

5.        1862 , 
 .

6. Robert Temple, "The Sirius Mystery", p.1.

7.         
J.H.Breasted, "Development of Religion and Thought in An- 
cient Egypt", p. 312-343.

8.  (  ..) ,  " 
...  []   " 
(Porphyry, "De Abstin", IV,6, Nauck, p.237). 0   - 
   ,  ,  - 
 (  ..) (Diodorus, I, 69).

9.       - 
 - ,  ,   - 
    . 
      
        , 
      ..,    - 
 .     - 
   .

10. I.E.S. Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.2.

11.       - 
     .  - 
   , ,  
 ,    .  
      ( 
 ).     - 
,      .  - 
       
   .

12.        (41;45) 
        ,

  .      "- 
 " (. S.B.Mercer, "The Religion of Ancient 
Egypt" p. 127).    , - 
,     .. (Herodotus, "The 
Histories",  II, .2-8).

13. Herodotus, "The Histories",  II, .2-8.

14.   "Cleopatra's Needles" ( Aubrey Noakes) 
   ,  
     -.

15.        
(),  ()   ().

16.     -   
   .     
  .

17. G.Goyon, Le Secret des Batisseuis des Grandes Pyra-
mides, pp. 89-90.

18. . .12.

19. R-T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
pp. 37-61.

20. Ibid. pp.37-38.

21. Ibid. p.246.  H.Frankfort/'Kingship and the Gods, 
pp.153, 380  .26, "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, p.7. 
,      , - 
  .

22. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p. 246.

23. J.Baines,   "Orientalia", vol.39, 1970, pp.389-
395. .  "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, p.7.

24. J.H. Breasted, "Ancient Records of Egypt", pp.70-
72.  I.E.S. Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", 1993, 
p.282.

25. I.E.S. Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.284.

26.  ,   , - 
    .  - 
        
  ..    - 
       - 
.

27.      " 
" (  3);     - 
       , 
    .

28. R.T.Rundle Clark, op.cit., p. 246.   - 
    (   - 
 ).

29.       . 
E.A.Wallis-Budge, "Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection", 
vol. 1.

30.  ""    -
  60-   .  - 
     ,   - 
        - 
 "".

31. J. Baines, J. Maiek, "Atlas of Ancient Egypt". " 
" - ,  ,  , 
, ,    .

32. I.E.S. Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.19.

33. Ibidem.

34. Ibid., pp.34-70.

35. Ibid., pp. 34, 284.  : "  
" "...     - 
  ."

36. W.Lethaby, "Arhitectwe, Mysticism and Myth", p. 129.

37. Ibidem.

2.    

1. I.E.S. Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", pp.292-293.

2.   ,  ,  
     (I.E.S. Edwards, "The 
Pyramids of Egypt", p.282).   , 
         - 
 .

3.   .  - 
      - 
     III.

4.  - " "    .

5. A.Moret, "Le Nil et la Civilisation Egyptienne", 1926, 
p.203; I.E.S. Edwards, op.cit., p. 282.

6. I.E.S. Edwards, ibid.

7.        
  J.Baines, J. Maiek, "Atlas of Ancient Egypt", p.140. 
     ,    , 
,   ..,    - 


  .   - 
  2300 /3.

8. J.Baines and J.MaIek, "Atlas of Ancient Egypt", pp.135, 
140. . : J.MaIek, "In the Shadow of the Pyramids", 
    .

9. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.2.

10.      
   . K.Mendelssohn, "The Riddle of the 
Pyramids". . : I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., pp.71-73.

11.   "The Riddle of the Pyramids", K-Mendelssohn, 
 c.40   850 000    -
.    "The Pyramids of Egypt"  .92  
  9       , 
       .

12. , "",   , - 
    -    - 
  54 ,     
   43,5 .    
   43,5 .

13.       
 .  ,   
   ,     .  
  ""   III, - 
  ,      
    .

14. J.MaIek, op.cit., .47.

15. A, Badawy, "A History of Egyptian Architecture", vol.1, 
p.124.

16. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.73.

17. Ibid., p.78.

18. Ibidem.

19. Ibidem.

20. Ibid., p. 92.       
1947        - 
 .   1993     - 
    .

21. Ibidem.

22. Ibidem.

23. Ibid., p.93.

24. Ibidem.

25. .  3.      "- 
" ;     
,      .  
   -      - 
     
 ().  ,     
, . W.R.Fix, "Pyramid Odyssey", pp.75-89.

26.      (146 
)     1888 ,   
   (300 ).  - 
 , ,  -    
 7175 ,       
 - 6,3  . "  -
",  381  , ,  - 
 , 300 000 .

27. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit, p.152.

28. .. Wallis-Budge, "The Mummy", p. 10.

29. .  2.

30. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.289; J.MaIek, op. cit, p.124.;

J.B.SeUeis, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", p.338.

31. "Atlas ofAnsient Egypt", p.36.    
  .2551   ..,     
 . (. "Discussions in Egyptology", 
26, 1993).

32.   ... ..  27.1.1993.

33. "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, 1993, p.5.

34. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.284.   - 
,     ,   
 .

35. Ibidem.    , 
   () " ",  
     - 
  .

36.      ,   - 
       . 
  , -,   
.

37.     ,  - 
   "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, 1993, p.5.

38. Mark Lehner, "Development of the Giza Necropolis:

the Khufil Project"  "Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archeolo-
gischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo", 1985, 41.  .:

M.Lehner "Some observations on the Layout of the Khufu 
and Khafra Pyramids"  "Journal of the American Research 
Centre in Egypt", XX.

39. Mark Lehner, Deutshen Archeologischen Instituts, 
Abteilung Kairo" pp.114-118.

40.         

    .   - 
    >    
  .

41. P.D.Ouspensky, "A New Model of the Universe" 
pp.350-351.

42. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.98.

43.      - 
.    ( ) ,  
      "".   
   4,7   (J. Kerisel, 
"La Pyramide a travers les Ages" Presses Ponts et Chaus-
sees", p.67).  , ,  - 
,   ,   - 
  .   6,3   - 
,  ,     - 
.

44. P.D.Ouspensky, op. cit., p.352.

45. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., pp.291-292.

46. Ibid., p. 104. .   12  .

47.     "North England Iron 
Company".         
 1873 .  1865       
,    .  1875    
 , ,     (- 
  1883     
   )   - 
 " "  . . .

48.       ,   
1872     .    
,  ,     
 ,   -    - 


   ,     - 
. ,    -   - 
. (C.Piazzi Smyth, "The Great Pyramid; its secrets and 
mysteries revealed", p.428).

49.       ,  
 ,     . - 
         - 
,   , 24   .

50. P.D.Ouspensky, op. cit., p.354.

51. ""  "" -  ,  - 
 ,  ,   .

52.    .  - 
 -  "Knowledge".

53.   (1000   )  - 
  1500  .   
   ;    
,     ,  
.      - 
  ,   ,    
 -  .

54.        - 
 . .   A-Gardiner, "The Secret 
Chambers of Thoth"  "Journal of Egyptian Archaeology", 
II, 1925, pp.2-5.  E.Hornung  "Zeitschrift fiir Agyp-
tische Sprache und Altertumskunde", 100,1973, S.33.

55. P. Tompkins, "Secrets of the Great Pyramid", pp.218, 
284.

56.      - 
   -  -, . I.E.S. 
Edwards, op. cit.

57.       -

-,    -  26 
 .

58. J. Maiek, op. cit., p. 117.

59.    ( ) - 
  ,     .

60.       
  ( , ).   - 
     ,  
     ,   - 
       - 
   .

61. A. Badawy, op. cit., p. 143.

62. J. Maiek, op. cit., p. 119.

63. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit. p.152.

64. J.A.Kane, "The Ancient Building Science", .

65. M.Isler  "Journal of the American Research Centre in 
Egypt", XXVI, 1989.    - 
 ,     ,    - 
 ,      
.

66. I.E.S. Edwards, op. cit., p.247.

67. Ibid., pp.248-251.

68. R.0. Faulkner, "The king and the Star-religion in the 
Pyramid Texts"  "Journal of Near Eastern Studies", XXV, 
p.153.

69. Ibidem.

70.  1974       
     "The Egyptian Herit- 
age".   ,    . 
 ,    ,   
    10450   ..  
 .   ,  - 
   .    - 
   . T.Sogrue, "There is a River" (ARE Press, 
Virginia, 1963).

71. M. Lehner, "Development of the Giza Necropolis: p.109.

72. RJ.Cook, "The Piramids of Giza", Glastonbury, 1992.

73. J.A.R. Legonin, "Report of the Archaeological Society 
of Staten Island>, NY, 1979, vol. 1.

74. "Discussions in Egyptology", 10, 1988, pp.33-39.

75. Ibid., c.38.

76. Ibidem.

77. ,     .   
      - 
 ,    -
  .

78. RJ.Cook, op. cit.

79. Ibidem.

80.  ,      , 
,      - 
,      - 
   ;     
.  ,    
,   ,   

, , , , , 
   ,    - 
.

3.  " "

1. -   , , 
  ,    - 
     (Paul Nau-
don, "Histoire generale de la Franc-Maconnerie" (Office du 
Livre, 1987, p.224).  1881     - 
      - 
   ,   - 
 .     
 1882        
  .   - 
   --,    - 
.      .

2.      - 
.     1882     - 
;    ,  
   . , -,  
   .

3. G.Maspero, "Recueil de Travaux Relatifs a la Philologie 
et 1'Archeologie Egyptiennes et Assyriennes", vol.V, Fasc. I-II, 
p.157.

4. P.Montet, "Isis: ou a la Recherche de FEgypte Enseve-
lie".       - 
 . ,     
     - 
   -     "" 
,      - 
  ,    - 
   .   
      , 

       - 
 .

5. P.Montet, op. cit., p. 48.   30 000 - 
     .    
   .

6.  .25,   2.

7. P.Montet, op. cit., pp.81-82.

8. G.Maspero, op. cit., p.157.

9. Ibidem.

10. Ibidem.

11. Ibidem.   ,  ,   - 
 ,      . 
   ,     - 
  .

12. G.Maspero  "Bulletin Egyptologie Service", II, vol.6.

13. Ibidem.

14. G.Maspero, "Recueil de Travaux...", vol.111, p.179.

15. Ibidem.

16. J.H.Breasted, "Ancient Records of Egypt", p.102.

17. W.R.Dawson, E.P.S.Uphill, "Who Was Who In Egyp- 
tology", p.38.

18. J.H.Breasted, (op. cit., introduction), p.VII.

19. W.R.Dawson, E.P.S.Uphill op. cit., p.38.

20. J.H.Breasted, op. cit., p.93.

21. Ibidem.

22. Ibidem.

23. Ibid., pp.312-343.

24. Ibidem.

25. Ibid., introd., p.XI.

26. E.A.WaUis-Budge, "The Egyptian Book Of The Dead", 
p.IX.

27. Ibid., p.XII.

/

28. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p.177.

29.     : K.Sethe, 
"Die Altagypttischen Pyramidentexte, 1908-1912 ( );

S..Mercer, "The Pyramid Texts in Translation and Com- 
mentaries", 1952 (4 ); A-Piankoff, "The Pyramid of Unas", 
Bollingen Series XL, 5, 1968.

30. R.0.Faulkner, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", 
OUP, 1969.

31. R.O.Faulkner, op. cit., p.V.

32.     1948   -. 
(. J.B.Sellers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", pp.7-
9).

33.  .    8.10.1986.

34. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.13.

35. Ibid., p. 12.

36. Ibid., p.13.

37.      
  9.12.1986.

38.  . (8.10.1986).

39. S.Hassan, "Excavations At Giza", vol.VI, part I, p.43.

40. S.Merser, "The Pyramid Texts..."

41. R.O.Faulkner, "The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts", 
p.VII.

42. S.Mercer, "The Religion of Ancient Egypt", pp.25,112.

43. Ibid., pp.121-122.

44. R.O.Faulkner, op. cit., p.VII.

45. R.O.Faulkner, "The King and the star-religion in the 
Pyramid Texts"  "Journal of Near Eastern Studies", XXV, 
1966, pp.153-161.

46.  .    20.7.1986.

47. . . 42.

48. H.Frankfort, "Ancient Egyptian Religion".

49. A.Piankoff, "The Tomb ofRamesses VI", Bollingen Se- 
ries XL.I.

50. J.B.Sellers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt". 
      - 
  .

51. Ibidem.

52. Ibid., p. 173-175.

53. H.Frankfort, op. cit.

54. J.B.Sellers, op. cit., p.8.

4.  " " 

1.  305   ..  642  ..   
     . 
  ,    - 
   ,     - 
;   , , 
  ;     
.

2.  ""    Aigyptos,  
 "" (     , 
  ;     ""). 
  -    - 
 ,   . - 
           
    .   1993  
      , 
    ().

3.  -     , - 
    .    
     - 
 ;      
     
.      ,   - 
 ,      - 
 .  (     
"",   "")  
  ""   - 
.

4. S.Mercer, "The Religion of Ancient Egypt", p.25.

5. Ibid., p.112.

6. J.B.Sellers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", p.70.

7. S.Hassan, "Excavations At Giza", vol.VI, part I, pp.276-
317.     .

8. O.Neugebauer, R.Parker, "Egyptian Astronomical Texts", 
vol.1, pp.24-25.

9. Ibidem.

10. Ibidem.

11. R.T.Rundle Clark, op. cit., p. 122.

12. S.Mercer, op. cit., p.270.

13. E.A.WaUis-Budge, "Osiris and the Egyptian Ressurec-
tion", vol.1, p. 107.

14.     - 
  Skyglobe.   .

15.      , - 
   ,   
  -      - 
.       - 
  63,5   ,    
 116,5 .

16.     .  
,      - 
  -      - 
 .      - 
 ,    - 
       ,

 ,       - 
  .  , , 
   1461  (4  365,25 = 1461).  
  1461     .

17.  I   E.A.Wallis-Budge "Osiris and the Egyp- 
tian Ressurection"     
 .    "  " (Plutar- 
ch, "De Iside et Osiride")    
     (. 50  ..).

18.        
 ( -     . - . 
.).

19. H.Frankfort, "Kingship and the Gods", part I.

20. R.O.Faulkner, "The King and the Star-religion in the 
Pyramid Texts", p. 153-161.

21.   Skyglobe 3.5    
  -1,21    , . , - 
      - 
,  21  38,38 .  2500   .. 
   -20,85 ;   - 
  (H.R-Mills, "Positional Astronomy and Astro-nav- 
igation made Easy", p.232)   2500   .. 
-20  83 ,  ,   - 
        -20  
49 .      (2450 
  ..) Skyglobe 3.5   -20  30 
 -  ,  ,  - 
        
 "".      - 
    EZ Cosmos.

22. J.Greaves, "Pyramidographia", 1646, .73.

23. ܸ le Mercier, "Description de FEgypte", composee 
sur les memoires de M.de Maillet, Paris, 1735.

24. Jomard, "Description de 1'Egypte", Panckoucke, 1821-
1829, vol. IX, p.491.

25. J.S.Pemng, "The Pyramids ofGizeh". Part I: The Great 
Pyramid.

26. W.F.Flinders Petrie, "The Pyramids and Temples of 
Gizeh" (Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd, 1990), p.29.

27. Piazzi Smyth, "The Great Pyramid", p.428.

28. W.F.Flinders Petrie, op. cit., p. 24.

29. "Archeologia", vol. 293, sept. 1993, .. .  
"Stem", 28, 1993, pp.24-25.

30. J.Capart, "Etudes et Histories", I, Bruxelles, 1924, p. 182.

31. G.Steindorff, "Egypt", Beadeker, 1929, p. 140.

32. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit, p.126.

33. J.Vandier, "Manuel d'Archaeologie Egyptienne, Paris, 
1954, vol. II, p.88.

34. A.Badawy, "The Stellar Destiny of Pharaoh and the so-
called Air-shafts in Cheops's Pyramid"  "Mitteilungen des 
Institute fur Orientforschung Akademie der Wissenschaften zu 
Berlin", 10, 1964, S. 189-206.

35. .: Mitteilungen des Instituts fur Orientforschung Akad- 
emie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin", 10, 1964, S. 183-187 
(), S. 189-206 ().

36. A.Badawy, op. cit., p.190.

37. Ibidem.

38. Ibidem.

39. Ibidem.

40. V.Trimble, "Astronomical Investigation conseming the 
so-called Air-shafts ofCheops's Pyramid"  "Mitteilungen des 
Institute fflr Orientforschung Akademie der Wissenschaften zu 
Berlin", 10, 1964, S.183-187.

41. Ibid., p.187.

42. I.E.S.Edvards, "The Air-channels of Chephren's Pyra- 
mid"  "Studies in Honor of Dows Dunham", p.55-57.

5. 

1.      1902   
      ("Annales 
du Service des Antiquites de rEgypte", III, 1902, p.206).  
      - 
 .    - 
  .

2.      , 
      - 
.       - 
, , , 30  100   - 
 , ,  ,   
   ,   - 
,  ,    .  - 
 ,   ,   
,       
.    ,  
;         
 (     I.E.S.Edwaids, "The 
Pyramids of Egypt", p.250-251).   , 
   ,   
   .

3.    250000 .    - 
 20 ,     34 . 
 ,       10 , 
  69   ,  7 - 
  ,    ,   , 
  ,      - 
   .

4.      - 
,     (,   
    ),     
     15-20 - 
   .

5. J.P.Lauer, "Observations sur les Pyramides", p.99.

6. Ibidem.

7. Ibid., pp. 99-124.

8. Z.Zaba, "L'Orientation Astronomique dans 1'Ancienne 
Egypte et la Precession de 1'Axe du Monde", Prague, 1953.

9.  ,      - 
    ,   - 
      - 
 .

10. J.Phaure, "Introduction a la Geographic Sacree de Pa- 
ris", Bon-engo, p.29.

11. "National Geographic", vol. 180, N2, 1991, pp. 122-
134.

6.     

1. J.Lacouture, "Champollion: Une Vie de Lumieres", 
Grasset and Fasquelle, Livre de Poche 1988, pp.428, 456.

   14  1822   
 ,  ,    - 
  .

2. E.A.Wallis-Budge, "Heaven and Hell", p.X"pp.l31-135, 
348. . : S.Hassan, "Excavations At Cftza", vol.VL 
part I, p.315.

3. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p. 10.

4.      ;  
    498.

5. Shabaka Texts,  18.

6. S.Hassan, op. cit., p.302.

7. J.B.SeUers, op. cit., p.164.

8. Ibid., p.165.

9. R.T.Rundle Clark, op. cit., p.27.

10. P.Tompkins, op. cit, pp.218, 284.

11. Baines J., Maiek J., op. cit.

12. R.T.Rundle Clark, op. cit., p.97.

13. G.Goyon, "Le Secret des Batisseurs des Grandes Pyra-
mides: Kheops", p.198.

14. R.T.Rundle Clark, op. cit., p.27.

15. M.Lichtheim, "Ancient Egyptian Literature", T.I, c.204.

16. R.O.Faulkner, "The Book of the Dead", ().

17. Ibid., p. 172.

18. Ibidem.

19. Hyginus Poet, "Astr." 2.32; A.B.Cook, "Zeus", vol.2, 
p.481.

20. Diodorus, 1,12,5.

21. Eusebius, "Praep.Ev." Ill, 3,6.

22. R.H.AUen, "Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning", 
p.216.

23. -A.Wallis-Budge, "The Egyptian Book of The Dead", 
p.CXXIII.

24.     (),  
       
.

25. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., pp.288-289.

7.   

1.       1974 ,   
      .  
   -   .

2. I.E.S.Edvards, "The Air-channels of Chephren's Pyra- 
mid"  "Studies in Honor of Dows Dunham", p.55-57.

3.   8.1.1985.      
  .      
     - 
 ;      - 
.

4.        

   ,   2500  
   .

5.    - - 
 100 .

6. J.A.R.Legon, "A Ground Plan at Giza"  "Discussions 
in Egyptology", 10, 1988.     
 ,       
-.

7. R-G.Bauval, "The Seeding of the Star Gods: A Fertility 
Ritual inside Cheops's Pyramid?"  "Discussions in Egyptol- 
ogy", 16, 1990.

8. Ibidem.

9.  . 6 .

8.  

1. R.G. Bauval, "Master Plan for the Three Pyramids of 
Giza based on the Configuration of the the Three Stars of the 
Belt of Orion"  "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 1989.

2. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", pp.288-289.

3.      ,   
 ,    .

4. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p.152.

5. J.MaIek, "In the Shadow of the Pyramids",  - 
  .

6.  .   J.Bianes & 
J.MaIek, "Atlas of Ancient Egypt",    - 
 .

7.    ,    
   ,     - 
 -      - 
.    ,   ,  - 
 500    ,   ,   - 
    .

8. R.G.Bauval  "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, 1993, 
.5.

9. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p.93.   - 
  ..   
,      .

10. J.B.Sellers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt".

11. Ibid., p.11.

12. Ibil., p.174.

13. Ibidem.

14.      Catalogue 2000.0.

15. E.Krupp, "In Search of Ancient Astronomies", pp.186-
190.

16. J.Cornell, "The-First Stargazers", p.92.

17. J.B.Sellers, op. cit., p.116.

18. V.Lichtheim, "Ancient Egyptian Literature", vol.1, "The 
Old and Middle Kingdom", University of California Press, 
Los Angeles, 1975, p.51.

19.        - 
    1986 .

20. M.Lichtheim, op. cit., p.51.

21. Ibidem.

22. J.B.SeUers, op. cit., p.90.

23.        
 .     ,    
 .      , , 
     ( -), - 
 .

24. M.Lehner, "The Egyptian Heritage", pp. 128-129.

25. Ibidem.

26.     ,  - 
   .    ,   
 .

27. J.B.Sellere, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", 
p.116.

28. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p. 152.

29. Ibidem.

30.        
 3033.      - 
.    1993    
      , 
 .

31. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p.153.

32. Ibidem.

33. , "  ".  - 
    .  
  ,  ,   - 
 ,  II,    (-
-),     .  - 


     -;

 ,  - -- 
   ( )     
    .

34. M.Lyttfeton, W.Forman, "The Romans: Their Gods and 
Their Beliefs", Obris, 1984, p.29.    - 
   ,   ()  
  .   ,  
    ,   ,   
 ,  -.

35.  XIII   .

36.    1636     - 
  . ,   , 
      - 
  XIV, "-".

37. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p.152.

38.        
" ",    " - 
".

39.      
      
 .       - 
 . (. T.Holland, "Freemasonry from 
the Pyramids of Ancient Times", p.14,   : "...- 
      - 
    ,     
  ").

40. A.W.Shorter, "The Egyptian Gods", p.39.  
E.A.WalUs-Budge, "The Egyptian Book of the Dead", p.II.

41. EA.Wallis-Budge, "Osiris and the Egyptian Resswec-
tion", vol.1, p.43.

42. A.W.Shorter, op. cit., p.43.

43. .,  ,  . (Neugebauer, 
Parker, "Egyptian Astronomical Texts", vol. "Plates".)

44.       (). 
.  "  "    
( ,   ).

45.  ,      
          
.       
.

46.  311   (   ).

47. A.W.Shorter, op. cit., pp.41-43.

48. Ibidem.

49. Ibidem.

50. J.B.SeUers, op. cit., p. 116.

9.   

1. A-G.Gilbert, "The Hermetica", pp.5-29.

2. A.G.Gilbert, "The Cosmic Wisdom beyond Astrology;

Towards a new gnosis of the stars".

3. .  10.

4. I.E.S.Edwards, "Do the Pyramid Texts suggest an ex- 
planation for the Abandonment of the Subterranean Cham- 
ber of the Great Pyramid?"   J.Leclant, "Festschrift", 
1994.

5.       -, - 
  ,    ,  - 
 .      - 
,     ,  
 (22  1993 )   (21  1993 
).

6. .  4, .40.

7. "Discussions in Egyptology", 26,    1993 
, "Discussions in Egyptology", 27,    
 1993 .

8. .  11  12.

9.  , "  ", 19  1993 
.

10. . .

11.     , - 
       
(. "Chauflage Ventilation Conditionement"  "Revue de 
FAssociation des Ingenieurs Climatique", Ventilation et Froid, 
N12, 1990, p.54).

12. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.263.

10.    

1.    10371/10435;   
   R-Parkinson, "Voices of Ancient Egypt", 
p.65.

2. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.263.

3. Ibidem.

4. .  2.

5. E.A.WaUis-Budge, "The Egyptian Book Of The Dead", 
P.XII.

6.    (" -
")       
(. ).

7. E.Krupp, "In Search of Ancient Astronomies", p. 186. 
    ,     - 
      , 
 "    ,    
    "   . 
,        
       
 .   , - 
, ,        
  .

8. S.Mayassis, "Misteres et Initiations de 1'Egypte Anci-
enne", pp.1-13.

9. Diodorus, 1,69.

10. Strabo, "Porphyre".

11. Herodotus, "Histories", II, 2-3.

12. Dion Chrystomenos, XI, 37s.

13. RA-Schwaller de Lubicz, "Sacred Science, the King of 
Pharaonic Theocracy", p. 16.

14.   . ( - 
 , )    9  
1986 .

15. lLA-Schwaller de Lubicz, "Sacred Science", p. 16.

16. K-Mendelsson, "The Riddle of the Pyramids", London, 
1974.

17. A.WeigaU, "A History of the Pharaohs", vol. I, pp.1-15.

18. Ibid. . : R.B.Parkinson, "Voices of Ancient 
Egypt", c.48.    "" 
 -,     - 
  ,  , , -
,   ,    - 
 .

19. RA-Schwaller de Lubicz, op. cit., p.87.  .: Gil- 
bert, "Hermetica", p.20.

20. Diodorus, 1,69.

21. R.A.Schwaller de Lubicz, op. cit., p.87.

22. C.Cerf, Y.Navasky, "The Experts Speak: the Definitive 
Compendium of Authoritative Misinformation", Pantheon 
Books, NY, 1984, pp.9-10.    ,  
    "".

23. Ibid., pp.3-4.

24. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.246.

25. Abatte-Pasha, "Le Phenix Egyptien"  "Bulletin de 
1'Institut d'Egypte", 11,4, p. 11.

26. R.T.Rundle Clark, "The Legend of the Phoenix", Uni- 
versity of Birmingham Press, 1949, pp.1-17.

27. G.W.Oosterhout, "The Heliacal Rising of Sinus"  
"Discussions in Egyptology", 24, 1992.  M.F.Ingham,

"The Length of the Sothis Cycle"  "Journal of Egyptian Ar- 
cheology", 55, .-40     
     .

28. J.B.SeUers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", 
p.204.

29. Ibid., p. 193.

30. P.Tompkins, "Secrets of the Great Pyramid", p.174-
175.

31. J.B.SeUers, op. cit., p. 174.   - 
   . (. .30).

32. R.A.Schwaller de Lubicz, "Sacred Science", pp. 175-
178.

33. ,  1993 ,     - 
 .

34. Strabo, "Porphyre".

35. Herodous, "Histories", 11,2-8.

36. Plato, "Timaeus and Critias", 22-26.   
 Betty Radice, Penguin Books, 1977, , 
pp. 146-167.

37. Timaeus, 41E-42D.

38. W.Scott, "Hermetica", p.228.

39.        - 
   "" (1924).

40.    -,  - 
,     .  
 ,   " I" (  

 )    ("Her- 
metica", p.228).

41.  ,   ,  ( - 
  ..)  ,    - 
  ,     - 
 .      
,     . 
       - 
     " - 
".    ,   - 
,     ;  
,  ,    (- 
 ).     - 
       , - 
 .      - 
  ,      - 
     
 ,  ,   
    " "  
    (    
 ).       - 
,       
         
,    .

42. "Hermetica", Asclepius III, p.136.

43. Ibidem.

44. W.R.Fix, "Pyramid Odessey", Mercury Media Inc., Vir- 
ginia, 1978.

45. T.Sugrue, "There is a River", ARE Press, 1988, p.356. 
    1945 .

46.    ,   - 
,  "Association for Research and Englight-
ment",  -   -,

12 . > S\S

 67   -.     - 
     .

47. T.Sugrue, "There is a River", p.468.  J.E.Furst, 
"Cayce's Story of Jesus", Berkeley Books, NY, 1976.

11.  

1. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.246.

2. Herodotus, "Histories", II, p.73.

3. A.Lucas, "Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries", 
p.299.

4. Baines, "Orientalia", vol 39, pp.389-395.

5.  ""  "",  - "",   
         
"".

6. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.282.

7. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Legend of the Phoenix", pp.5-6.

8. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.246.

9. R.T.Rundle Clark, "Legend of the Phoenix", p. 17.

10. Ibidem.

11. Ibid., p.15.; I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", 
p.282.

12. Ibid., p.282.

13.     .

14.       
.   "Journal of Egyptian Archeology",  18, .3-
15;  17, .185-195;  21, .152-170. . :

D.Daremberg, E.Saglio, "Dictionnaire des Antiquites Grecs 
et Romaines", "Elagalabus"  "Baetylia"; Cook, "Zeus",III, 
 I, c.881-903.

15.    ,    
      -
, .     - 
  "".     
     
   "",   - 
  1940- .

16.  . 14.

17.  .

18.  .

19. Pausanias, "Desc. Greece", III, 22,1; L.R.Famell, "The 
Cult of the Greek States", vol. I, chapt.V.

20. Pliny, "NatHist.", II, 59.

21. P.K.Hitti, "History of Syria", London, 1951, p.312.

22. . .14.

23.  .

24.  .14.     
   ,     
 ,   "  ".

25. G.A.Wainwright  "Annales du Service des Antiquites 
de FEgypte", XXVIII, 177.

26. G.A.Wainwright, "Some Aspects of Atum"  "Journal 
of Egyptian Archeology", 18, p. 147.

27. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt"  "Journal of Egyp- 
tian Archeology", 18, 1933, pp.3-15.

28. Ibid.  ""    
,      , 
  2400   ..

29. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt", p. 14.   - 
   (. 50 ...)  "De Iside et Osiride", 2, 
Moralia, p.536.

30.  20-       . 
, ,    -
 (. . 31). , -,   , 
 ,    "" (  
  "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, 1989, .5-17).

31. E.A.WaUis-Budge, "Cleopatra's Needles", J.Leclant, 
J.P.Lauer, "Le Temps des Pyramides", pp.79, 336.

32. J.Goyon, op. cit.      
   15,89 . ,   - 
,     4-6 ,  ,  
   (J.Kerisel, "La Pyramide a travers 
les Ages", Paris, 1991, p.83).

33.  ,   
,      ,  
, .    ,   
     ,     
      . 
  ,   .

34. H.Frankfort, "Kingship and the Gods", pp.153, 380  
. 26.

35. .  4, . 11.

36. E.A.Wallis-Budge, "The Mummy", p.175.

37.          
   ,     , 
  .  ,    
   , . I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids 
of Egypt", p.32.

38.   , ,   -
.   " ",    - 
   " "    
   .

39. G.A.Wainwright, "A Pair of Constellations"  "Studies 
for F.U. Griffith"; E.A.Wallis-Budge, "The Egyptian Book of 
the Dead", p.CXXIV.     ,  
  ,    
.      ,  - 
    (J.B.Sellers, 
"The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", p.248).  - 
     - 
,     (),  (), 
 ()   () - 
.

40. " ",  1983-1984.

41. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt".

42. Ibid., p.11.

43. B.Scheel, "Egyptian Metalworking and Tools", Ayles 
bury, 1989, p. 17.

44. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron m Egypt", p.11.

45. J.P.Lauer, "Observations sur les Pyramides", Imprinierie

de I'Institut Francais D'Archeologie Orientate, Cairo, 1960, 
p.106. (The Pyramid Texts in Translation and Commentar- 
ies", Commentaries section).

46.       - 
       1953 .   
"L'Orientation Astronomique dans FAncienne Egypte et la 
Precession de  du Monde"   - 
  . ,     
 (. . 49)>    ,  
,      - 
       
   ,    , - 
     " " 
(. .72  ).   ,  - 
      ,   
  .  (Wainwright, "A Pair of Constella-
toins")  ,    - 
  :  - ,   -   
.

47.       
  ,     .

48. .  12.

49. G.Goyon, "Le Secret des Batisseurs des Grandes Pyra-
mides: Kheops", p. 160.

50. Ibid., p.89; G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt", p.6.

51. G.Goyon, op. cit., p.88-93.

52. Ibidem.

53. Ibid., pp.160-162.

54. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt", pp.6-15.

55. Bianes J., Maiek J., "Atlas of Ancient Egypt".

56. J.B.Sellers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", 
p.204.

12.  

1.  I ( )   
.     I, ,  
 , .   I  -
 I      -,  - 
   .

2.   . ( - 
 , )    9.12.1986.

3. J.H.Breasted, "Ancient Records of Egypt", p.71;

R.B.Parkinson, "Voices of Ancient Egypt, an Anthology of 
Middle Kingdom Writings", p.41.  ""  
  "".

4. J.H.Breasted, "Ancient Records of Egypt", p.71.

5. Ibidem.

6. Ibid., p. 203.

7.    No.344. . :

J.H.Breasted, op. cit., p.204.

8.    No.344; 6-12.

9.  ; 5, 10.

10. J.H.Breasted, op. cit., p.204.

11.    No.344; 11,  8.

12.    ,     -

 ,      
.

13. J.B.SeUers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", 
p. 164.

14. G.A.Wainwright, "Iron in Egypt", pp.6-11.

15. G.Goyon, op. cit., pp.89-90.

16.   I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", 
c.250-251  J.P.Lauer, "Observations surles Pyramides", c.99-
124,    .  - 
,     - 
,     180 . - 
      - 
.

17.  I   1952 .    
      
 .     , 
    "  
".

18. G.Goyon, op. cit., p.93.

19. Strabo, 19-xvii, I, 30.

20. Herodotus, "Histories", II, 15-17.

21. G.Goyon, op. cit., p.92.

22. Ibidem.

23. M.Lichteim, "Ancient Egyptian Literature", vol. I, "The 
Old and Middle Kingdom", p.20.

24.  ,      .

25. S.A.B.Mercer, "Religion of Ancient Egypt", p.121.

26. R.G.Bauval  "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, 1989, p.7.

27. ,   .  .

28.  ""-, , -, 
 ,   .   - 
,      (. 
E.A.Wallis-Badge, "Osiris and Egyptian Ressurection", vol. I, 
pp.51-53).

29. M.Lichteim, op. cit., p.203.

30.     ,  
,   ,  - 
   .

31.  " "   - 
  "   "  1994 .

32.    ,  ,  - 
      - 
   ,     - 
. . ,    P.Tompkins, 
"Secrets of the Great Pyramid",   - 
   ,    
.

33. R.G.Bauval  "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, 1993;

"Discussions in Egyptology", 27, 1993.

34.      ,  
     ""  , - 
  -1    - 
  .

35.      (. . 2);   
  - .

36. ,    .  - 
,     I  -
   ,  -
     .

37. J.Kerisel, "La Pyramide a travers les Ages", p.83.  
    (  
 ..)  ,    - ,  
^";     - 
  2400   .

38. " ",  3033.

39. W.Lethaby, "Architecture, Mysticism and Myth", 
pp.38-39, " ,    
      "", - 
  -..."

40. T.Sugrue, "There is a River".

41. Ibid., p.393.



1.   -  ,   . 
     - 
    .

2. Colonel Howard Vyse, "Operation Carried On At The 
Pyramids Of Gizeh in 1837", James Frazer, London, 1989, 
p.237.

3. A-Lucas, "Ancient Egyptian Materials And Industries", 
p.237.

4. El Sayed El Gayar, M.PJones, "Metallurgical Investiga- 
tion of an Iron plate found in 1837 in the Great Pyramid at

Gizeh, Egypt" in "Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Soci- 
ety", vol. I, 1989, pp.75-83.

 1

1. W.F.Flinders Petrie, "The Pyramids and Temples of 
Gizeh", 1883, p.53.

2. W.S.Smifh, "The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt", 
Penguin Books, 1958, p.30.

3. A-Badawy, "A History of Egyptian Architecture", Giza, 
1954, p.163.

4.          
  4   7500  14000 ,   
    ,    - 
 ,       
  30 .

5. Robert H.Baker, "Astronomy", New York, 1950, p.57.

6. Otto Neugebauer, Richard A.Parker, "Egyptian As- 
tronomical Texts", I, The Early Decans, London, 1960, 
p.25.

7. Ibid., p.110.

8. S.R.K.Glanvffle, "The Legacy of Egypt", Oxford, 1942, 
p.32.

9. Paul V.Neugebauer, "Tafein zur astronomischen Chro- 
nologic", I, Stemtafeln. Leipzig, 1912, S.8, 20.

10. Ibid., S.21-82.

11.      

     .      
2700   ..      .

 2

1.        
      
,  Skyglobe 3.5, EZ Cosmos, Starmap 2.10 
High Precision.       . 
   .

2. A-Hirshfeld, R.W.Sinnot, <Sky Catalogue" 2000.0, vol. 
I, Cambrige University Press, 1982.

3. Ibid., pp.119, 121  124.

4.  0'    - 
       
  (   ), 
 "      
,       - 
   (  )".

5. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", pp.247-251.

6. J.B.SeUers, "The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt", p.194.

7. J.E.Manchip-White, "Ancient Egypt", George Alien & 
Unwin Ltd, 1970, p.138.

8. O.Neugebauer, R.Parker, "Egyptian Astronomical Texts", 
Brown University, 1964, vol. I.

 3

1.  , Erman, "Die LiteraturderAegypter", 70, 72.

2.     , 

  ,  ,   - 
   -.

3.     ;  Moller, 
"Hieratische Lesestucke", I, 6.

4. "Journal of Egyptian Archeology", III, PI. XII, pp.96-97.

5.  54   .

 4

1. E.A.Wallis-Budge, "An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Diction- 
ary", NY. 1978, vol. II, p.942.

2. Ibid., p.946.

3. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.1.

4. R.O.Faulkner, "The Book of the Dead", p. 12.

5. Ibidem.

6. Ibidem.

7. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit., p. 13.

8. Ibid., p. 14.

9. R-T.Rundle Clark, "Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt", 
p.102.

10. Coffin Texts, ii, p. 104.

11. O.Neugebauer, R.Parker, "Egyptian Astronomical Texts", 
vol.,1.

12. Ibid., p.41.

13. Ibidem.

14. Carlsberg, I,  I, A.I, 1-6,  .

<

15. Ibid., G.IV, 26-9.

16. Dramatic Texts, VI, c.3-9.

17. Ibid., pp.38-43.

18. O.Neugebauer, R.Parker, op. cit., p.73.

19. R.G.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, p.12;

"Discussions in Egyptology", 16, pp.21-28; Wemes Honig, 
"Discussions in Egyptology", 14, p.52.

20. Wallis-Budge, "The Mummy", p. 175.

21. H.Frankfort, "Kingship and the Gods".

22. . G.Santillana, H. von Deschend, "Hamlet's Mill", 
Gambit International, Boston, 1969    - 
,   .

 5

1.     . R-Bauval, 
"Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 14, 16, 26  27; - 
 - J.A.R.Legon, "Discussions in Egyptology", 10  
14. . : I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", 
pp.245-251.

2. RJ.Cook, "The Pyramids ofGiza", Seven Islands, Glas-
tonbury, 1992.

3. I.E.S.Edwards, op. cit.

4. ,  , ibid., p.285.

5. .: R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 14.

6. "Archeologia",  283, 1993, .6.

7. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 14, 16.

8. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 26.

9. J.A.R.Legon, "Discussions in Egyptology", 10, 14;

RJ.Cook, "The Pyramids of Giza".

10. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", London, 1993;

Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 16, 26  27.

11. A-Badawy, "The stellar Destiny of Pharaoh and the so-
called Air-shaft in Cheops's Pyramid"  "Mitteilungen des 
Instituts fur Orientforschung Akademie der Wissenschaften zu 
Berlin", 10, 1964, S.189-206.

12. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 16, 26  27.

13. Jean Phaure, "Geographic Sacree de Paris", W.Lethaby, 
"Architecture, Mysticism and Myth", pp.38-39.

14. R.O.Faulkner, "The King and the Star-Religion in the 
Pyramid Text", pp.153-161.

15. " ",  820, 882, 2180.

16. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 28  29.

17. " ",  632.

18. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13  16.

19. " ",  13.

20. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 26  27.

21. Legon  "Discussions in Egyptology", 10  14; Legon, 
"The Geometry of the Bent Pyramid"  "Gottinger Miszellen", 
 116, 1990, pp.65-73.

22. Legon,   .21; . : RJ.Cook, "The Pyra- 
mids of Giza".

 

1. R. Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, pp.7-18.

2. R.0. Faulkner, "The King and the Star Religion in the 
Pyramid Text", p. 153-61.

3. "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, pp.5-6.

4. Ibid.

5. "Discussions in Egyptology", 28.

6. A.Badawy, "The Periodic System of Building a Pyramid" 
 "Journal of Egyptian Archeology", 63, p.58.

7. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 14, pp.5-16.

8. I.E.S.Edwards, "The Pyramids of Egypt", p.295.

9. "Discussions in Egyptology", 26, pp.5-6.

10. "Discussions in Egyptology", 28.

11. G.Goyon, "Le Secret des Batisseurs des Grandes Pyra-
mides: Kheops", p.41.

 7

1. J.H.Breasted, "Development of Religion and Thought In 
Ancient Egypt", pp.101-102.

2. I.E.S.Edwards., op. cit, p.282.

3. R.0. Faulkner, "The King and the Star Religion", 
pp.153-161.

4. A.Badawy, "The stellar Destiny of Pharaoh...", pp.189-
206. : V.Trimble, "Astronomical Investigation concern- 
ing the so-called Air-Shafts of Cheops's Pyramid", pp.183-
187.

5. R.Bauval, "Discussions in Egyptology", 13, 14, 16, 26, 
27,    ,    1994 .

6.  ,   Skyglobe 3.6, 
Starmap  EZ Cosmos    - 
.

7. R.Bauval, "The Adze of UPUAUT",   "The 
Horizon of Khum"  "Discussions in Egyptology" ( 
1994 ).

8. A.Badawy, "The .Periodic System of Building a Pyramid" 
 "Journal of Egyptian Archeology", 63, 1977, c.58.

 9

1. W.F.Petrie, "The Pyramids and Temples ofGizeh", 1885, 
pp.80-81. "  ,   - 
   [  ],  - 
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